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. This Week in Science
How Stilbene Twists | Homo erectus Hips | Oxygen Torn Apart | Quantifying Global Photosynthesis | Digitizing Development | Disordering of Surface Tiles | Putting the Brakes on Inflammation | Ubiquitin's Pup(py)? | From Flower to Flower | Sole Food | To Be or Not to Be? | Growing Crystals | Resolving Reverse Transcriptase's Repertoire | Cross-Presentation and Tumor Rejection | Missing Features

. Editors' Choice
PHYSICS: Polarization Puzzle | MATERIALS SCIENCE: Graphene Oxide Resonators | MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Keeping One's Identity | PHYSIOLOGY: Four Wings Are Better Than Two | PSYCHOLOGY: Don't Get Even, Stay Mad | CELL BIOLOGY: Can You Hear Me Now? | CHEMISTRY: Delivering More Than Charge

. Science Scope
China Looks Ahead | Military Science, Reloaded | This Jaguar's Built for Speed

. Random Samples
FISH ONLINE | OIL AND MUD | SAVING MICHAEL CAINE | WORLDWIDE BLIGHT

. Newsmakers
CAMPAIGNS | INSIDE GOVERNMENT | MOVERS | IN THE COURTS | DEATHS

. [EDITORIAL] A Call to Serve
Authors: William A. Wulf, Anita K. Jones

. [NEWS] SCIENCE AND THE ELECTION: Obama Victory Raises Hopes for New Policies, Bigger Budgets
U.S. scientists hope that last week's elections will usher in an era of sustained, healthy increases in the federal funding of basic research. But with yawning deficits and urgent demands on the federal treasury, those increases may not happen anytime soon. Authors: Constance Holden, Andrew Lawler, Eli Kintisch, Jeffrey Mervis, Erik Stokstad

. [NEWS] SCIENCE AND THE ELECTION: New Congress Looks Familiar
Democratic science powerbrokers in Congress have retained their seats. But a major reshuffling of Senate committee posts is under way that could affect research and training issues. Author: Jeffrey Mervis

. [NEWS] ANIMAL RESEARCH: European Union Floats Tighter Animal-Research Rules
A proposal released last week by the European Commission would ban the use of great apes in medical experiments, although it does not include a complete prohibition on all research on nonhuman primates, for which many animal-welfare groups had vigorously lobbied. Author: Gretchen Vogel

. [NEWS] EVOLUTION: Vatican Science Conference Offers an Ambiguous Message
Scientists who hoped for a clear statement of support for evolution from the Catholic Church at a closed-door conference on evolutionary origins held at the Vatican last week went home empty-handed. Others, expecting little, were happy with a d

. [NEWS] CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH: Statin Therapy Reduces Disease in Healthy Volunteers--But How, Exactly?
Some experts are calling the 17,800-person JUPITER trial a huge success in preventing cardiovascular disease and proving the value of c-reactive protein, an indicator of inflammation, as a risk marker for heart disease. The trial comes with a host of caveats, however, muddying the picture of inflammation's role in cardiovascular disease. Author: Jennifer Couzin

. [NEWS FOCUS] ANTHROPOLOGY: The Birth of Childhood
Unlike other apes, humans depend on their parents for a long period after weaning. But when--and why--did our long childhood evolve? Author: Ann Gibbons

. [NEWS FOCUS] RENEWABLE ENERGY: Minnesota Ecologist Pushes Prairie Biofuels
David Tilman wants to mix it up by growing native grasses for energy. Many agronomists disagree. Author: Eli Kintisch

. [NEWS FOCUS] PLANT GENOMICS: A Bunch of Trouble
The banana is endangered and largely ignored by funding agencies, researchers, and breeders. But things might finally be going its way. Author: David Grimm

. [LETTERS] European Union and NIH Collaborate
Authors: Elias A. Zerhouni, Janez Potočnik

. [LETTERS] Skeptical of Assisted Colonization
Authors: Ian Davidson, Christina Simkanin

. [LETTERS] Assisted Colonization Won't Help Rare Species
Author: Danwei Huang

. [LETTERS] Where Species Go, Legal Protections Must Follow
Authors: Guillaume Chapron, Gustaf Samelius;, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Lesley Hughes, Sue Mcintyre, David B. Lindenmayer, Camille Parmesan, Hugh P. Possingham, Chris D. Thomas

. [TECHNICAL COMMENT] Comment on “Ancient Asteroids Enriched in Refractory Inclusions”
Authors: Dominik C. Hezel, Sara S. Russell

. [TECHNICAL RESPONSE] Response to Comment on “Ancient Asteroids Enriched in Refractory Inclusions”
Authors: J. M. Sunshine, H. C. Connolly Jr., T. J. McCoy, S. J. Bus, L. M. La Croix

. [LETTERS] Corrections and Clarifications

. [BOOKS ET AL.] PALEONTOLOGY: Reading Behavior from the Rocks
Seilacher's iconic drawings form the framework for this application of his "method of morphological thinking in terms of processes" to structures that animals have left in soft sediments. Author: Soren Jensen

. [BOOKS ET AL.] SCIENCE POLICY: What Can Science Do for the President?
Through his examination of the functioning and effectiveness of the U.S. President's Science Advisory Committee, Wang explores the evolution of scientists' roles in executive policy-making during the 1950s and 1960s. Author: Gregory A. Good

. [BOOKS ET AL.] OCEANS: Smithsonian Swims in New Direction
The Smithsonian, teaming up with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, presents specimens, models, illustrations, photographs, and films that survey the variety and importance of life in the seas of our ocean planet. Author: Lekelia D. Jenkins

. [BOOKS ET AL.] Books Received

. [POLICY FORUM] RESEARCH ETHICS: Certificates of Confidentiality and Compelled Disclosure of Data
A recent court case suggests that the privacy of research subjects may not be fully protected by Certificates of Confidentiality. Authors: Laura M. Beskow, Lauren Dame, E. Jane Costello

. [PERSPECTIVES] CHEMISTRY: A Sideways Glance at Chemical Reactivity
Ultrafast spectroscopy allows us to see what happens to parts of a molecule not directly involved in a chemical reaction. Author: David A. Blank

. [PERSPECTIVES] BEHAVIOR: A Biolinguistic Agenda
Neurobiology and genetics are helping to generate insights about the evolution of language. Authors: Marc D. Hauser, Thomas Bever

. [PERSPECTIVES] BIOCHEMISTRY: RT Slides Home...
To access its target sites, HIV reverse transcriptase slides and flips on nucleic acid substrates. Authors: Stefan G. Sarafianos, Eddy Arnold

. [PERSPECTIVES] CLIMATE CHANGE: Understanding Glacier Flow in Changing Times
Subannual lurches of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets may reduce uncertainties about climate change effects on sea-level rise. Authors: Richard B. Alley, Mark Fahnestock, Ian Joughin

. [PERSPECTIVES] MICROBIOLOGY: A Protein Pupylation Paradigm
Tagging proteins with ubiquitin molecules so that they will be degraded in the proteasome is not a mechanism unique to eukaryotes. Authors: Sohini Mukherjee, Kim Orth

. [BREVIA] Physiographic Control on the Development of Spartina Marshes
Erosion of sediment is harmful to the growth of marsh grass, possibly explaining salt marsh die-back, a phenomenon thought to be a result of sea-level changes. Authors: Gerardo Fragoso, Tom Spencer

. [RESEARCH ARTICLES] Reconstruction of Zebrafish Early Embryonic Development by Scanned Light Sheet Microscopy
Digitized tracking of each cell during the first 24 hours of zebrafish development reveals how the body axis and germ layer are formed and provides a community resource. Authors: Philipp J. Keller, Annette D. Schmidt, Joachim Wittbrodt, Ernst H.K. Stelzer

. [REPORTS] Kinetics of Individual Nucleation Events Observed in Nanoscale Vapor-Liquid-Solid Growth
Transmission electron microscopy reveals the kinetics of nucleation and growth of silicon particles from liquid gold-silicon droplets, the first step in growing nanowires. Authors: B. J. Kim, J. Tersoff, S. Kodambaka, M. C. Reuter, E. A. Stach, F. M. Ross

. [REPORTS] Spectroscopic Tracking of Structural Evolution in Ultrafast Stilbene Photoisomerization
Raman spectroscopy offers a global view of how all the atoms move during the photoinduced picosecond isomerization of stilbene. Authors: Satoshi Takeuchi, Sanford Ruhman, Takao Tsuneda, Mahito Chiba, Tetsuya Taketsugu, Tahei Tahara

. [REPORTS] Random Tiling and Topological Defects in a Two-Dimensional Molecular Network
An organic molecule absorbed on graphite forms networks that represent an intermediate state between crystalline ordering and amorphous packing. Authors: Matthew O. Blunt, James C. Russell, María del Carmen Giménez-López, Juan P. Garrahan, Xiang Lin, Martin Schröder, Neil R. Champness, Peter H. Beton

. [REPORTS] Observing the Creation of Electronic Feshbach Resonances in Soft X-ray–Induced O2 Dissociation
Attosecond spectroscopy reveals that a second electron cannot be ionized from an oxygen molecule until the nuclei, which repel each other, have moved about 30 angstroms apart. Authors: Arvinder S. Sandhu, Etienne Gagnon, Robin Santra, Vandana Sharma, Wen Li, Phay Ho, Predrag Ranitovic, C. Lewis Cocke, Margaret M. Murnane, Henry C. Kapteyn

. [REPORTS] Photosynthetic Control of Atmospheric Carbonyl Sulfide During the Growing Season
The atmospheric concentration of carbonyl sulfide, a trace gas consumed by land plants along with carbon dioxide, can be used to estimate the amount of photosynthesis occurring on land. Authors: J. E. Campbell, G. R. Carmichael, T. Chai, M. Mena-Carrasco, Y. Tang, D. R. Blake, N. J. Blake, S. A. Vay, G. J. Collatz, I. Baker, J. A. Berry, S. A. Montzka, C. Sweeney, J. L. Schnoor, C. O. Stanier

. [REPORTS] A Female Homo erectus Pelvis from Gona, Ethiopia
Authors: Scott W. Simpson, Jay Quade, Naomi E. Levin, Robert Butler, Guillaume Dupont-Nivet, Melanie Everett, Sileshi Semaw

. [REPORTS] Slide into Action: Dynamic Shuttling of HIV Reverse Transcriptase on Nucleic Acid Substrates
As it converts viral single-stranded RNA to double-stranded DNA, HIV reverse transcriptase shuttles between the ends of the nucleic acid, flipping its orientation. Authors: Shixin Liu, Elio A. Abbondanzieri, Jason W. Rausch, Stuart F. J. Le Grice, Xiaowei Zhuang

. [REPORTS] Batf3 Deficiency Reveals a Critical Role for CD8α+ Dendritic Cells in Cytotoxic T Cell Immunity
In mice, an identifiable subset of antigen-presenting cells is necessary for a normal immune cell response to viral infection and for efficient rejection of tumor cells. Authors: Kai Hildner, Brian T. Edelson, Whitney E. Purtha, Mark Diamond, Hirokazu Matsushita, Masako Kohyama, Boris Calderon, Barbara U. Schraml, Emil R. Unanue, Michael S. Diamond, Robert D. Schreiber, Theresa L. Murphy, Kenneth M. Murphy

. [REPORTS] Del-1, an Endogenous Leukocyte-Endothelial Adhesion Inhibitor, Limits Inflammatory Cell Recruitment
An endogenous inhibitor of immune cell adhesion dampens recruitment of immune cells to sites of inflammation. Authors: Eun Young Choi, Emmanouil Chavakis, Marcus A. Czabanka, Harald F. Langer, Line Fraemohs, Matina Economopoulou, Ramendra K. Kundu, Alessia Orlandi, Ying Yi Zheng, DaRue A. Prieto, Christie M. Ballantyne, Stephanie L. Constant, William C. Aird, Thalia Papayannopoulou, Carl G. Gahmberg, Mark C. Udey, Peter Vajkoczy, Thomas Quertermous, Stefanie Dimmeler, Christian Weber, Triantafyllos Chavakis

. [REPORTS] Ubiquitin-Like Protein Involved in the Proteasome Pathway of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
A prokaryotic version of ubiquitin, a eukaryotic tag for protein degradation, is linked to lysines in prokaryotic proteins destined for destruction, a process called pupylation. Authors: Michael J. Pearce, Julian Mintseris, Jessica Ferreyra, Steven P. Gygi, K. Heran Darwin

. [REPORTS] Genome of an Endosymbiont Coupling N2 Fixation to Cellulolysis Within Protist Cells in Termite Gut
In the termite gut, an endosymbiotic bacterium fixes atmospheric nitrogen within the cells of its cellulose-digesting host protist, allowing the insect to thrive on wood. Authors: Yuichi Hongoh, Vineet K. Sharma, Tulika Prakash, Satoko Noda, Hidehiro Toh, Todd D. Taylor, Toshiaki Kudo, Yoshiyuki Sakaki, Atsushi Toyoda, Masahira Hattori, Moriya Ohkuma

. [REPORTS] Globally Distributed Uncultivated Oceanic N2-Fixing Cyanobacteria Lack Oxygenic Photosystem II
An abundant marine cyanobacteria group fixes nitrogen but lacks the genes for carbon fixation and oxygen production, forcing a reevaluation of nitrogen and carbon cycling. Authors: Jonathan P. Zehr, Shellie R. Bench, Brandon J. Carter, Ian Hewson, Faheem Niazi, Tuo Shi, H. James Tripp, Jason P. Affourtit

. [REPORTS] Arabidopsis Stomatal Initiation Is Controlled by MAPK-Mediated Regulation of the bHLH SPEECHLESS
Positive and negative developmental signals that determine the locations of gas-exchanging leaf pores converge on a specific domain within a transcription factor. Authors: Gregory R. Lampard, Cora A. MacAlister, Dominique C. Bergmann

. [REPORTS] Regulatory Genes Control a Key Morphological and Ecological Trait Transferred Between Species
A key trait—asymmetric flowers with large petals—moves between flower species when a cluster of regulatory genes is transferred from a hybrid to a recipient parent. Authors: Minsung Kim, Min-Long Cui, Pilar Cubas, Amanda Gillies, Karen Lee, Mark A. Chapman, Richard J. Abbott, Enrico Coen

. [PODCASTS] Science Podcast
Author:

. This Week in Science
Tales of the Asian Monsoon | Stem Cells on Demand | Sheltering Excitons in Quantum Dots | Going for the Burn | Himalayan Graphite | Moving Memories | Mantle Flow | Dry as a Bone Moon | More Stem Cells on Demand | Processing Speech and Voice | Brain Repair | Not Quite Sleep | Ins and Outs of Bimetallic Nanoparticles | Protein Lifetimes | Stop Translation Now | Pathways to Disease

. Editors' Choice
DEVELOPMENT: Healing a Broken Heart | IMMUNOLOGY: Lymphocyte Identity Cards | MATERIALS SCIENCE: Sizing Up the Foam | SYSTEMS BIOLOGY: Network Failure | NEUROSCIENCE: Depotentiating via Dopamine | CLIMATE SCIENCE: Warming Vapors | CELL BIOLOGY: Curing Disease in Yeast