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[EDITORIAL] Opening Japan Up to the World
Author: Kiyoshi Kurokawa

[NEWS] TECHNICAL EXCHANGES: U.S. Visa Delays on the Rise, Scientists Abroad Report
A recent slowdown in the processing of U.S. visas for foreign scientists and some seemingly arbitrary visa denials have prompted a fresh look at how to streamline the process. Author: Richard Stone

[NEWS] ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS: Excess Particles From Space May Hint at Dark Matter
An unexpected abundance of high-energy electrons from space could be evidence of particles of dark matter--the weighty and mysterious stuff whose gravity holds the galaxies together. But if the sightings really do point to dark matter, then physicists may have to revise their ideas about what the stuff is. Author: Adrian Cho

[NEWS] GLOBAL HEALTH: Malaria Drugs, the Coca-Cola Way
On 7 November, the Board of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria voted to adopt a new financing system aimed at bringing the best malaria drugs at rock-bottom prices to the local private-sector stores where most Africans buy their drugs--by letting the market do the work. Author: Martin Enserink

[NEWS] CRIMINOLOGY: Study Shows How Degraded Surroundings Can Degrade Behavior
In a series of cleverly designed experiments reported in a paper published online by Science this week, researchers found that if people see one norm or rule being violated (such as graffiti or a vehicle parked illegally), they're more likely to violate others--such as littering, or even stealing. Author: Constance Holden

[NEWS] DEVELOPING WORLD: The New Groove in Science Aid: South-South Initiatives
In addition to helping to close the divide between the research capabilities of the northern and southern hemispheres, the 871-member Academy of Sciences for the Developing World is now focusing on another divide: the widening gap between the South's scientific haves and have-nots. Author: Robert Koenig

[NEWS] SYSTEMS BIOLOGY: Cast of 1000 Proteins Shines in Movies of Cancer Cells
Systems biologists describe online in Science this week how fluorescent markers and a time-lapse microscope have allowed them an unprecedented view of the fluctuating locations and levels of about 1000 proteins in individual human cancer cells. Author: Jocelyn Kaiser

[NEWS FOCUS] ENERGY: World Oil Crunch Looming?
Even those who believe there's plenty of oil left in the ground to meet rising demand are warning that the final crisis could come uncomfortably soon. Author: Richard A. Kerr

[NEWS FOCUS] SPACE: Cloudy Future for Europe's Space Plans
A string of successful missions had the European Space Agency riding high and making ambitious plans, but the worldwide financial downturn may bring it back to Earth. Author: Daniel Clery

[NEWS FOCUS] MYCOLOGY: Last Stand for the Body Snatcher of the Himalayas?
The caterpillar-hijacking fungus Cordyceps sinensis is touted as a natural Viagra. But overharvesting has put the peculiar parasite's back against the wall. Author: Richard Stone

[NEWS FOCUS] SCIENCE IN ROMANIA: Reaching for the Stars in Romania
A small association of Romanian scientists, many of them working abroad, is fed up with the slow pace of reforms in their country. And politicians are paying attention. Author: Martin Enserink

[NEWS FOCUS] SCIENCE IN ROMANIA: At Home in Bucharest, for Better and for Worse
In the late 1980s, communist dictator Nicolae Ceauşescu sought to demolish the Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology (ICBP) to make way for his "House of the People." Then came the Christmas revolution of 1989. Ceauşescu didn't survive; ICBP did. Author: Martin Enserink

[LETTERS] Looking Beyond Head Trauma
Author: Darin T. Okuda

[LETTERS] Fostering a Culture of Responsible Lab Conduct
Authors: Ann M. Peiffer, Paul J. Laurienti, Christina E. Hugenschmidt

[LETTERS] The Path Forward for DNA Data
Authors: Paula Boddington, Naomi Hawkins, Catherine Heeney, Jantina De Vries, Jane Kaye

[LETTERS] Priorities Come with the Career
Author: Craig Bolon

[LETTERS] STEM Education Crisis: Overblown?
Author: Andrew Depristo

[LETTERS] Changes to NIH Grant System May Backfire
Authors: Peter D. Karp, Gavin Sherlock, John A. Gerlt, Ida Sim, Ian Paulsen, Patricia C. Babbitt, Keith Laderoute, Lawrence Hunter, Paul Sternberg, John Wooley, Philip E. Bourne

[LETTERS] Listening to the Ocean's Heartbeat
Authors: Elvira S. Poloczanska, Anthony J. Richardson

[LETTERS] Legislation Leaves Common Sense Behind
Author: Harold Scarbro

[BOOKS ET AL.] HISTORY OF SCIENCE: Who Scientists Are Now
Shapin's account of the development and current practice of the profession of science spotlights the researchers in the trenches rather than the big-thinkers. Author: Thomas F. Gieryn

[BOOKS ET AL.] AGRICULTURE: Organic and GM--Why Not?
Writing for nonspecialists, Ronald (a rice geneticist) and Adamchak (an organic farmer) argue that the best path to sustainable food production lies through a careful combination of organic farming and genetically engineered plants. Author: Mark Tester

[BOOKS ET AL.] EXHIBITIONS: ART: Global Perspectives
Using his sixfold perspective, Termes paints optical illusory scenes on the surfaces of spheres. Author: Barbara Jasny

[POLICY FORUM] POLICY: A Force for Peace in the Middle East
Support of regional scientific institutions or associations may make a difference. Author: Michael Greene

[PERSPECTIVES] ASTRONOMY: Gamma Rays and Neutron Stars
Satellite and ground observations provide new insights into gamma-ray emissions from neutron stars. Author: Giovanni F. Bignami

[PERSPECTIVES] CHEMISTRY: Interrogating Molecules
Attosecond laser pulses can reveal the complex electronic processes occurring within molecular systems. Authors: Gilles Doumy, Louis F. DiMauro

[PERSPECTIVES] DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY: Brain Wnts for Blood Vessels
Development of the blood-brain barrier in mammals starts in the embryo, through specific molecules that induce vascular development in the neural tube. Author: Eckhard Lammert

[PERSPECTIVES] CHEMISTRY: Coming Soon to a Library Near You?
Conservation efforts will be aided by a tool that facilitates surveys of the condition of paper in libraries, archives, and museums. Author: Jan Wouters

[PERSPECTIVES] PHYSICS: The Weight of the World Is Quantum Chromodynamics
Ab initio calculations of the proton and neutron masses have now been achieved, a milestone in a 30-year effort of theoretical and computational physics. Author: Andreas S. Kronfeld

[PERSPECTIVES] MICROBIOLOGY: Rogue Insect Immunity
Insects use a variety of strategies to fight pathogens at different stages of infection, which may guide antimicrobial development for human use. Authors: David S. Schneider, Moria C. Chambers

[REVIEWS] The Psychology of Transcending the Here and Now
Authors: Nira Liberman, Yaacov Trope

[BREVIA] Fossil Pollen as a Guide to Conservation in the Galápagos
Fossil pollen shows that six plant species in the Gal'apagos, presumed to be invasive, had actually been native to the islands for thousands of years before human colonization. Authors: Jacqueline F. N. van Leeuwen, Cynthia A. Froyd, W. O. van der Knaap, Emily E. Coffey, Alan Tye, Katherine J. Willis

[RESEARCH ARTICLES] Time-Resolved Dynamics in N2O4 Probed Using High Harmonic Generation
Electrons can be ejected from multiple orbitals of N₂O₄ by exploiting different stages in its excited vibrations, yielding an attosecond light probe of molecular dynamics. Authors: Wen Li, Xibin Zhou, Robynne Lock, Serguei Patchkovskii, Albert Stolow, Henry C. Kapteyn, Margaret M. Murnane

[RESEARCH ARTICLES] The 2.6 Angstrom Crystal Structure of a Human A2A Adenosine Receptor Bound to an Antagonist
The ligand binding pocket of the caffeine-binding human adenosine receptor has a different position and orientation than that of other G protein-linked receptors. Authors: Veli-Pekka Jaakola, Mark T. Griffith, Michael A. Hanson, Vadim Cherezov, Ellen Y. T. Chien, J. Robert Lane, Adriaan P. IJzerman, Raymond C. Stevens

[REPORTS] The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope Discovers the Pulsar in the Young Galactic Supernova Remnant CTA 1
The Fermi Space Telescope has detected a gamma-ray pulsar associated with a young supernova remnant, implying that such stars may be unidentified gamma-ray sources. Authors: A. A. Abdo, M. Ackermann, W. B. Atwood, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, M. G. Baring, D. Bastieri, B. M. Baughman, K. Bechtol, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, R. D. Blandford, E. D. Bloom, G. Bogaert, E. Bonamente, A. W. Borgland, J. Bregeon, A. Brez, M. Brigida, P. Bruel, T. H. Burnett, G. A. Caliandro, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, P. Carlson, J. M. Casandjian, C. Cecchi, E. Charles, A. Chekhtman, C. C. Cheung, J. Chiang, S. Ciprini, R. Claus, J. Cohen-Tanugi, L. R. Cominsky, J. Conrad, S. Cutini, D. S. Davis, C. D. Dermer, A. de Angelis, F. de Palma, S. W. Digel, M. Dormody, E. do Couto e Silva, P. S. Drell, R. Dubois, D. Dumora, Y. Edmonds, C. Farnier, W. B. Focke, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Gehrels, S. Germani, B. Giebels, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, T. Glanzman, G. Godfrey, I. A. Grenier, M.-H. Grondin, J. E. Grove, L. Guillemot, S. Guiriec, A. K. Harding, R. C. Hartman, E. Hays, R. E. Hughes, G. Jóhannesson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Johnson, T. Kamae, Y. Kanai, G. Kanbach, H. Katagiri, N. Kawai, M. Kerr, T. Kishishita, B. Kiziltan, J. Knödlseder, M. L. Kocian, N. Komin, F. Kuehn, M. Kuss, L. Latronico, M. Lemoine-Goumard, F. Longo, V. Lonjou, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, A. Makeev, M. Marelli, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, S. McGlynn, C. Meurer, P. F. Michelson, T. Mineo, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, A. A. Moiseev, C. Monte, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, S. Murgia, T. Nakamori, P. L. Nolan, E. Nuss, M. Ohno, T. Ohsugi, A. Okumura, N. Omodei, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, M. Ozaki, D. Paneque, J. H. Panetta, D. Parent, V. Pelassa, M. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, G. Piano, L. Pieri, F. Piron, T. A. Porter, S. Rainò, R. Rando, P. S. Ray, M. Razzano, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, T. Reposeur, S. Ritz, L. S. Rochester, A. Y. Rodriguez, R. W. Romani, M. Roth, F. Ryde, H. F.-W. Sadrozinski, D. Sanchez, A. Sander, P. M. Saz Parkinson, T. L. Schalk, A. Sellerholm, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, D. A. Smith, P. D. Smith, G. Spandre, P. Spinelli, J.-L. Starck, M. S. Strickman, D. J. Suson, H. Tajima, H. Takahashi, T. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, S. E. Thorsett, L. Tibaldo, D. F. Torres, G. Tosti, A. Tramacere, T. L. Usher, A. Van Etten, N. Vilchez, V. Vitale, P. Wang, K. Watters, B. L. Winer, K. S. Wood, H. Yasuda, T. Ylinen, M. Ziegler

[REPORTS] Observation of Pulsed γ-Rays Above 25 GeV from the Crab Pulsar with MAGIC
The MAGIC telescope has detected higher-energy, pulsed gamma rays from the Crab pulsar and a threshold suggesting that they are emitted from the outer magnetosphere. Authors: The MAGIC Collaboration, E. Aliu, H. Anderhub, L. A. Antonelli, P. Antoranz, M. Backes, C. Baixeras, J. A. Barrio, H. Bartko, D. Bastieri, J. K. Becker, W. Bednarek, K. Berger, E. Bernardini, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, R. K. Bock, G. Bonnoli, P. Bordas, V. Bosch-Ramon, T. Bretz, I. Britvitch, M. Camara, E. Carmona, A. Chilingarian, S. Commichau, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, M. T. Costado, S. Covino, V. Curtef, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, E. De Cea del Pozo, R. de los Reyes, B. De Lotto, M. De Maria, F. De Sabata, C. Delgado Mendez, A. Dominguez, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsässer, M. Errando, M. Fagiolini, D. Ferenc, E. Fernandez, R. Firpo, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, N. Galante, R. J. Garcia Lopez, M. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, F. Goebel, D. Hadasch, M. Hayashida, A. Herrero, D. Höhne, J. Hose, C. C. Hsu, S. Huber, T. Jogler, D. Kranich, A. La Barbera, A. Laille, E. Leonardo, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. Lopez, E. Lorenz, P. Majumdar, G. Maneva, N. Mankuzhiyil, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martinez, D. Mazin, M. Meucci, M. Meyer, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, M. Moles, A. Moralejo, D. Nieto, K. Nilsson, J. Ninkovic, N. Otte, I. Oya, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, M. Pasanen, D. Pascoli, F. Pauss, R. G. Pegna, M. A. Perez-Torres, M. Persic, L. Peruzzo, A. Piccioli, F. Prada, E. Prandini, N. Puchades, A. Raymers, W. Rhode, M. Ribó, J. Rico, M. Rissi, A. Robert, S. Rügamer, A. Saggion, T. Y. Saito, M. Salvati, M. Sanchez-Conde, P. Sartori, K. Satalecka, V. Scalzotto, V. Scapin, T. Schweizer, M. Shayduk, K. Shinozaki, S. N. Shore, N. Sidro, A. Sierpowska-Bartosik, A. Sillanpää, D. Sobczynska, F. Spanier, A. Stamerra, L. S. Stark, L. Takalo, F. Tavecchio, P. Temnikov, D. Tescaro, M. Teshima, M. Tluczykont, D. F. Torres, N. Turini, H. Vankov, A. Venturini, V. Vitale, R. M. Wagner, W. Wittek, V. Zabalza, F. Zandanel, R. Zanin, J. Zapatero, O.C. de Jager, E. de Ona Wilhelmi

[REPORTS] Ab Initio Determination of Light Hadron Masses
A quantum electrodynamics model that includes a full representation of quarks and their electromagnetic interactions accurately determines the masses of neutrons and protons. Authors: S. Dürr, Z. Fodor, J. Frison, C. Hoelbling, R. Hoffmann, S. D. Katz, S. Krieg, T. Kurth, L. Lellouch, T. Lippert, K. K. Szabo, G. Vulvert

[REPORTS] 4D Imaging of Transient Structures and Morphologies in Ultrafast Electron Microscopy
Imaging with single electrons can track structural dynamics of gold and graphite in real space with femtosecond temporal resolution and angstrom spatial resolution. Authors: Brett Barwick, Hyun Soon Park, Oh-Hoon Kwon, J. Spencer Baskin, Ahmed H. Zewail

[REPORTS] High Harmonic Generation from Multiple Orbitals in N2
Electron ejection from multiple N₂ orbitals, controlled by the molecule's orientation relative to a laser, produces attosecond light spectra that can reveal molecular dynamics. Authors: Brian K. McFarland, Joseph P. Farrell, Philip H. Bucksbaum, Markus Gühr

[REPORTS] Radar Sounding Evidence for Buried Glaciers in the Southern Mid-Latitudes of Mars
Radar data from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter show that a series of lobate landforms at low latitudes are composed primarily of massive ice covered by debris. Authors: John W. Holt, Ali Safaeinili, Jeffrey J. Plaut, James W. Head, Roger J. Phillips, Roberto Seu, Scott D. Kempf, Prateek Choudhary, Duncan A. Young, Nathaniel E. Putzig, Daniela Biccari, Yonggyu Gim

[REPORTS] Variation in Evolutionary Patterns Across the Geographic Range of a Fossil Bivalve
Within a fossil bivalve genus, evolution tended to occur as a random walk at the highest latitudes and to be in stasis mode in deep marine environments. Authors: Melissa Grey, James W. Haggart, Paul L. Smith

[REPORTS] Selfish Genetic Elements Promote Polyandry in a Fly
Genes that confer a deleterious sex ratio in Drosophila also decrease male fertility and promote repetitive mating in females, providing a possible explanation of polyandry. Authors: T. A. R. Price, D. J. Hodgson, Z. Lewis, G. D. D. Hurst, N. Wedell

[REPORTS] Regulation of Microtubule Dynamics by Reaction Cascades Around Chromosomes
A reaction-diffusion model involving regulatory molecules and a microtubule-stabilizing phosphoprotein predicts the spatial distribution of microtubules during cell division. Authors: Chaitanya A. Athale, Ana Dinarina, Maria Mora-Coral, Céline Pugieux, Francois Nedelec, Eric Karsenti

[REPORTS] Canonical Wnt Signaling Regulates Organ-Specific Assembly and Differentiation of CNS Vasculature
In mice, two specialized ligands for a key developmental signaling pathway are produced by neuroepithelial cells and direct endothelial cells to form the blood-brain barrier. Authors: Jan M. Stenman, Jay Rajagopal, Thomas J. Carroll, Makoto Ishibashi, Jill McMahon, Andrew P. McMahon

[REPORTS] Regulation of Pancreatic β Cell Mass by Neuronal Signals from the Liver
In obese mice, fat tissue stimulates proliferation of insulin-producing pancreatic cells via a neural relay through the liver, contributing to symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Authors: Junta Imai, Hideki Katagiri, Tetsuya Yamada, Yasushi Ishigaki, Toshinobu Suzuki, Hirohito Kudo, Kenji Uno, Yutaka Hasegawa, Junhong Gao, Keizo Kaneko, Hisamitsu Ishihara, Akira Niijima, Masamitsu Nakazato, Tomoichiro Asano, Yasuhiko Minokoshi, Yoshitomo Oka