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[POLICY FORUM] SCIENCE AND RELIGION: Bracing for Islamic Creationism
To avoid a vast rejection of evolution in the Muslim world, scientists can present the theory as the bedrock of biology and can stress its practical applications. Author: Salman Hameed

[PERSPECTIVES] PHYSICS: Stringing Together a Solid State
Formulations of string theory may describe some complex electronic interactions in condensed matter systems. Author: Sean Hartnoll

[PERSPECTIVES] IMMUNOLOGY: Chaperone Puts the Brakes On
A molecule controls both antigen processing and cell motility, ensuring that dendritic cells efficiently activate T cells to initiate protective immunity. Authors: Veronika Lukacs-Kornek, Shannon J. Turley

[PERSPECTIVES] EPIDEMIOLOGY: Why Can't We Test Our Way to Absolute Food Safety?
Efforts to ensure food safety must take into account long supply chains and unanticipated threats. Author: Shaun Kennedy

[PERSPECTIVES] DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY: On Growth and Force
The physical stress on plant tissue during growth controls the precise organization of a major structural element in the plant cell. Author: Bela Mulder

[PERSPECTIVES] BIOCHEMISTRY: An Almost-Complete Movie
Structural snapshots of transporter proteins reveal how they transport species across membranes. Author: George Diallinas

[PERSPECTIVES] BIOPHYSICS: Clutch Dynamics
A mechanical model describes how actin cytoskeletal dynamics and cell adhesion control mechanosensing and force generation. Authors: Yvonne Aratyn-Schaus, Margaret L. Gardel

[PERSPECTIVES] BIOCHEMISTRY: Pressing Levers or Pulling Strings?
The unique stalk of the molecular motor protein dynein may serve as a smart tether rather than as a lever during motion along microtubules. Author: Linda A. Amos

[BREVIA] Compromised Survivorship in Zoo Elephants
Data from over 4500 elephants show that wild elephants live for approximately twice as long as those kept in European zoos. Authors: Ros Clubb, Marcus Rowcliffe, Phyllis Lee, Khyne U. Mar, Cynthia Moss, Georgia J. Mason

[RESEARCH ARTICLES] Developmental Patterning by Mechanical Signals in Arabidopsis
The growth pattern of plant meristem, the group of stem cells at the tip of a growing shoot, is controlled by a microtubule-based mechanical feedback loop. Authors: Olivier Hamant, Marcus G. Heisler, Henrik Jönsson, Pawel Krupinski, Magalie Uyttewaal, Plamen Bokov, Francis Corson, Patrik Sahlin, Arezki Boudaoud, Elliot M. Meyerowitz, Yves Couder, Jan Traas

[RESEARCH ARTICLES] A Competitive Inhibitor Traps LeuT in an Open-to-Out Conformation
A bacterial protein similar to mammalian neurotransmitter transporters is blocked when a competitive inhibitor prevents the formation of the normal intermediate state. Authors: Satinder K. Singh, Chayne L. Piscitelli, Atsuko Yamashita, Eric Gouaux

[REPORTS] Gold-Catalyzed Synthesis of Aromatic Azo Compounds from Anilines and Nitroaromatics
Gold nanoparticles can catalyze a direct, environmentally friendly route to industrially important azobenzene dye compounds from either aniline or nitrobenzene precursors. Authors: Abdessamad Grirrane, Avelino Corma, Hermenegildo García

[REPORTS] Collective Reactivity of Molecular Chains Self-Assembled on a Surface
The paired sulfur bonds in dimethyldisulfide molecules, which assemble in long chains on gold surfaces, can be rearranged by injecting an electron into the end of the chain. Authors: Peter Maksymovych, Dan C. Sorescu, Kenneth D. Jordan, John T. Yates Jr.

[REPORTS] Mechanism of Threading a Polymer Through a Macrocyclic Ring
A polymer threads through a large ring-shaped molecule faster when it is long enough to bind to the outside of the ring first, but not too long that it cannot easily loop into the hole. Authors: Alexander B. C. Deutman, Cyrille Monnereau, Johannes A. A. W. Elemans, Gianfranco Ercolani, Roeland J. M. Nolte, Alan E. Rowan

[REPORTS] A Dynamic Marine Calcium Cycle During the Past 28 Million Years
The isotopic composition of calcium in marine carbonates indicates that the calcium cycle has been dynamic over the past 28 million years and closely linked to climate. Authors: Elizabeth M. Griffith, Adina Paytan, Ken Caldeira, Thomas D. Bullen, Ellen Thomas

[REPORTS] Earthquake Supercycles Inferred from Sea-Level Changes Recorded in the Corals of West Sumatra
Uplift records from corals imply that the Sumatra plate boundary ruptured in the 1300s, 1500s, and in 1797 and 1833; a 2007 temblor may mark the initiation of a next series of quakes. Authors: Kerry Sieh, Danny H. Natawidjaja, Aron J. Meltzner, Chuan-Chou Shen, Hai Cheng, Kuei-Shu Li, Bambang W. Suwargadi, John Galetzka, Belle Philibosian, R. Lawrence Edwards

[REPORTS] Shock Metamorphism of Bosumtwi Impact Crater Rocks, Shock Attenuation, and Uplift Formation
Microscale deformation features in a drill core through an impact crater and a model of the impact history show that the central uplift in the crater was produced by brittle faults. Authors: Ludovic Ferrière, Christian Koeberl, Boris A. Ivanov, Wolf Uwe Reimold

[REPORTS] The Spreading of Disorder
Upon observing signs of social disorder (such as littering or graffiti), individuals are more likely to disobey a variety of social rules, including prohibitions against theft. Authors: Kees Keizer, Siegwart Lindenberg, Linda Steg

[REPORTS] Germ Cell–Intrinsic and –Extrinsic Factors Govern Meiotic Initiation in Mouse Embryos
Mouse germ cells begin meiosis for sperm or egg production only when they both are stimulated by the hormone retinoic acid and express a particular RNA-binding protein. Authors: Yanfeng Lin, Mark E. Gill, Jana Koubova, David C. Page

[REPORTS] Traction Dynamics of Filopodia on Compliant Substrates
A model that predicts that substrate/surface stiffness acts through a cellular motor-clutch mechanism to alter retrograde flow rates and traction is confirmed in chick neurons. Authors: Clarence E. Chan, David J. Odde

[REPORTS] Structure and Functional Role of Dynein’s Microtubule-Binding Domain
ATP hydrolysis by the molecular motor dynein transmits a structural change to its microtubule-binding domain, determining movement direction along the microtubule. Authors: Andrew P. Carter, Joan E. Garbarino, Elizabeth M. Wilson-Kubalek, Wesley E. Shipley, Carol Cho, Ronald A. Milligan, Ronald D. Vale, I. R. Gibbons

[REPORTS] Genomic Loss of microRNA-101 Leads to Overexpression of Histone Methyltransferase EZH2 in Cancer
In some human prostate cancers, a genomic deletion eliminates a key regulatory microRNA, which results in disruption of gene-silencing mechanisms. Authors: Sooryanarayana Varambally, Qi Cao, Ram-Shankar Mani, Sunita Shankar, Xiaosong Wang, Bushra Ateeq, Bharathi Laxman, Xuhong Cao, Xiaojun Jing, Kalpana Ramnarayanan, J. Chad Brenner, Jindan Yu, Jung H. Kim, Bo Han, Patrick Tan, Chandan Kumar-Sinha, Robert J. Lonigro, Nallasivam Palanisamy, Christopher A. Maher, Arul M. Chinnaiyan

[REPORTS] Modafinil Shifts Human Locus Coeruleus to Low-Tonic, High-Phasic Activity During Functional MRI
Brain images of humans treated with a cognitive enhancing drug show increased task-oriented activity in a brainstem nucleus and confirm that this region controls cognition. Authors: Michael J. Minzenberg, Andrew J. Watrous, Jong H. Yoon, Stefan Ursu, Cameron S. Carter

[REPORTS] A Null Mutation in Human APOC3 Confers a Favorable Plasma Lipid Profile and Apparent Cardioprotection
A mutation resulting in a lifelong decrease in the expression of a protein that inhibits triglyceride hydrolysis may protect against cardiovascular disease. Authors: Toni I. Pollin, Coleen M. Damcott, Haiqing Shen, Sandra H. Ott, John Shelton, Richard B. Horenstein, Wendy Post, John C. McLenithan, Lawrence F. Bielak, Patricia A. Peyser, Braxton D. Mitchell, Michael Miller, Jeffrey R. O’Connell, Alan R. Shuldiner

[REPORTS] Regulation of Dendritic Cell Migration by CD74, the MHC Class II–Associated Invariant Chain
By binding to a myosin, an immune-specific protein known to control antigen processing also regulates the migration of dendritic cells, possibly coordinating the two functions. Authors: Gabrielle Faure-André, Pablo Vargas, Maria-Isabel Yuseff, Mélina Heuzé, Jheimmy Diaz, Danielle Lankar, Veronica Steri, Jeremy Manry, Stéphanie Hugues, Fulvia Vascotto, Jérôme Boulanger, Graça Raposo, Maria-Rosa Bono, Mario Rosemblatt, Matthieu Piel, Ana-Maria Lennon-Duménil

[REPORTS] A Role for the ESCRT System in Cell Division in Archaea
A class of proteins required for membrane trafficking and cytokinesis in eukaryotes is also unexpectedly required in some Archaea for cell division. Authors: Rachel Y. Samson, Takayuki Obita, Stefan M. Freund, Roger L. Williams, Stephen D. Bell

[REPORTS] De Novo Formation of a Subnuclear Body
The Cajal body, a nuclear structure for small ribonucleoprotein metabolism, can self-assemble from any one of its components immobilized on a substrate. Authors: Trish E. Kaiser, Robert V. Intine, Miroslav Dundr

[REPORTS] The Air Noncoding RNA Epigenetically Silences Transcription by Targeting G9a to Chromatin
Air, a large noncoding RNA, interacts with chromatin at a particular promoter, recruiting a histone methyltransferase to silence gene expression in an allele-specific manner. Authors: Takashi Nagano, Jennifer A. Mitchell, Lionel A. Sanz, Florian M. Pauler, Anne C. Ferguson-Smith, Robert Feil, Peter Fraser

[PODCASTS] Science Podcast
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This Week in Science
Contagious Rule-Breaking | Transporter Mechanics | Assemble, Inject, React, Reform | Cancer Epigenetics 101 | Dynamic Calcium | Sumatran Earthquake | Cytoskeleton and Substrate Stiffness | Threading a Molecular Needle | Genes, Triglycerides, and Heart Health | Invariant Chain Migration Control | Corralling the Cajal | Shaping Up | A Golden Route to Dyes | Impact Cratering | Meiosis in the Making | Coiled-Coil and Dynein Dynamics | The Mechanisms Behind Cognitive Enhancement | Ancient ESCRT to Division | Airy Silence

Editors' Choice
CHEMISTRY: A Marriage of Opposites | PLANT SCIENCE: Mapping Out Diversity | DEVELOPMENT: Turning On and Staying On | PSYCHOLOGY: Reading from Left to Right | PSYCHOLOGY: A Walk in the Woods | CHEMISTRY: Weighing Down Pyridine | CELL BIOLOGY: Hidden Change

Science Scope
Scientific Integrity at Issue | Obama at Sea | Inside ScienceInsider

Random Samples
WHAT'S SMALL, GREEN, AND INTELLIGENT? | FEATHERED AND TARRED | EARTHLY MAGNETISM | FIT FOR A QUEEN?

Newsmakers
THREE Q'S | MOVERS | INSIDE GOVERNMENT | CELEBRITIES

[EDITORIAL] Reduce Administrative Burden
Author: Alan I. Leshner

[NEWS] NASA: Delays in Mars Mission Will Ripple Across Space Science
Faced with mounting technical glitches, last week NASA decided to delay its Mars Science Laboratory for at least 2 years, meaning the spacecraft will not get off the ground before fall 2011. Author: Andrew Lawler

[NEWS] OBAMA TRANSITION: A Fresh Start for Embryonic Stem Cells
U.S. researchers are eagerly anticipating the moment that President-elect Barack Obama takes office and sweeps away the Bush Administration's restrictions on federal funding for research with human embryonic stem cells. Author: Constance Holden

[NEWS] ASTRONOMY: Three Asian Nations Link Up to Form a Formidable Radio Telescope Array
South Korea's first very long baseline interferometry array is being completed this week. Linked to arrays in Japan and China, Korea's three instruments will fill out the densest network of its kind. Author: Dennis Normile

[NEWS] EUROPE: Ministers Bankroll European Space Agency's Ambitions
Europe's space scientists are breathing a collective sigh of relief because the member governments of the European Space Agency last week gave ESA more or less everything it had asked for in funding for the next few years--a total of nearly €10 billion. Author: Daniel Clery

[NEWS] MENINGITIS: Less Vaccine Can Be More
A team of epidemiologists reported this week that just one-fifth of the standard meningitis vaccine dose triggers an immune response almost as good as that of the full dose, offering a way to potentially stretch limited supplies. Author: Martin Enserink

[NEWS] ARMS CONTROL: In Rare Encounter, U.S. and Chinese Scientists Craft Nuclear Glossary
On 20 November, the U.S. National Academies, seeking to reduce misunderstandings between China and the United States, unveiled the first Chinese-English glossary of nearly 1000 nuclear-security terms. Author: Richard Stone

[NEWS] IMMUNOLOGY: Fetal Immune System Hushes Attacks on Maternal Cells
On page 1562 of this week's issue of Science, researchers provide an explanation for why some maternal cells that cross the placenta escape attack by the fetal immune system. The work also suggests a new mechanism for how the human immune system learns to spare the body's own tissues, a tolerance that breaks down in autoimmune diseases. Author: Mitch Leslie

[NEWS] AIDS RESEARCH: Treat Everyone Now? A 'Radical' Model to Stop HIV's Spread
Last week, the World Health Organization published a provocative model that explores the possibility of "eliminating" the HIV epidemic by annually testing everyone on a voluntary basis and treating all infected people, regardless of their clinical status. Author: Jon Cohen

[NEWS FOCUS] GENETICS: Hopping to a Better Protein
Clinical trials are under way to test an innovative use of antisense technology to stem paralysis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Author: Elizabeth Pennisi

[NEWS FOCUS] ENDANGERED SPECIES: Sanctuaries Aim to Preserve a Model Organism's Wild Type
The axolotl, a salamander that retains unique evolutionary features and is a darling of biologists because it can regenerate limbs, faces adversity on two fronts. Author: Robert Koenig

[NEWS FOCUS] SCIENCE POLICY: Philippines Plans Research Revival
The Philippines government is hoping to reinvigorate its science base by improving science education, expanding scholarship programs, and raising research spending. But will it be enough to lure back expatriate scientists? Author: Dennis Normile

[NEWS FOCUS] TISSUE ENGINEERING: Coming Soon to a Knee Near You: Cartilage Like Your Very Own
Weaving materials science and biology together, researchers are drawing closer to the elusive goal of recreating tissues that do the body's work, such as cartilage and muscle. Author: Robert F. Service

[LETTERS] Spore Show Not Gaming the Science System
Author: Michael Rosenfeld

[LETTERS] Limiting the Impact of the Impact Factor
Author: Jeremy B. A. Green