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[REPORTS] Signal Sequences Activate the Catalytic Switch of SRP RNA
Authors: Niels Bradshaw, Saskia B. Neher, David S. Booth, Peter Walter

[REPORTS] Floral Iridescence, Produced by Diffractive Optics, Acts As a Cue for Animal Pollinators
The iridescence of tulip petals, as well as their pigmentation, affects foraging behavior by bumblebees. Authors: Heather M. Whitney, Mathias Kolle, Piers Andrew, Lars Chittka, Ullrich Steiner, Beverley J. Glover

[REPORTS] Real-Time DNA Sequencing from Single Polymerase Molecules
Arrays of narrow waveguides can record the action of a DNA polymerase stepping along a primer template, potentially providing a way to sequence DNA molecules. Authors: John Eid, Adrian Fehr, Jeremy Gray, Khai Luong, John Lyle, Geoff Otto, Paul Peluso, David Rank, Primo Baybayan, Brad Bettman, Arkadiusz Bibillo, Keith Bjornson, Bidhan Chaudhuri, Frederick Christians, Ronald Cicero, Sonya Clark, Ravindra Dalal, Alex deWinter, John Dixon, Mathieu Foquet, Alfred Gaertner, Paul Hardenbol, Cheryl Heiner, Kevin Hester, David Holden, Gregory Kearns, Xiangxu Kong, Ronald Kuse, Yves Lacroix, Steven Lin, Paul Lundquist, Congcong Ma, Patrick Marks, Mark Maxham, Devon Murphy, Insil Park, Thang Pham, Michael Phillips, Joy Roy, Robert Sebra, Gene Shen, Jon Sorenson, Austin Tomaney, Kevin Travers, Mark Trulson, John Vieceli, Jeffrey Wegener, Dawn Wu, Alicia Yang, Denis Zaccarin, Peter Zhao, Frank Zhong, Jonas Korlach, Stephen Turner

[REPORTS] Phage-Mediated Intergeneric Transfer of Toxin Genes
Viruses may transfer toxin genes among pathogenic bacteria in raw milk, complicating veterinary use of phage therapy as a bacteriacide. Authors: John Chen, Richard P. Novick

[REPORTS] Stable Introduction of a Life-Shortening Wolbachia Infection into the Mosquito Aedes aegypti
Infection of mosquitoes with a bacterium shortens their lives and reduces disease transmission, without development of resistance. Authors: Conor J. McMeniman, Roxanna V. Lane, Bodil N. Cass, Amy W.C. Fong, Manpreet Sidhu, Yu-Feng Wang, Scott L. O’Neill

[EDITORIAL] Making a Science of Education
Author: Bruce Alberts

[NEWS] THE TRANSITION: Holdren Named Science Adviser, Varmus, Lander to Co-Chair PCAST
Authors: Eli Kintisch, Jeffrey Mervis

[NEWS] SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATION: Tehran Incident Threatens U.S.-Iran Project
Author: Richard Stone

[NEWS] RESEARCH ASSESSMENT: U.K. University Research Ranked; Funding Impacts to Follow
Author: John Travis

[NEWS] RESEARCH FUNDING: For Many Scientists, the Madoff Scandal Suddenly Hits Home
Author: Jennifer Couzin

[NEWS] PLANETARY IMPACTS: Did the Mammoth Slayer Leave A Diamond Calling Card?
Author: Richard A. Kerr

[NEWS] CORAL REEFS: Calcification Rates Drop in Australian Reefs
Author: Elizabeth Pennisi

[NEWS FOCUS] SCIENCE ADVISERS: Bending the President's Ear
A science adviser is only as effective as the president wants him to be, say the men who have held the job since Sputnik. Author: Eli Kintisch

[NEWS FOCUS] BRAIN CANCER: A Viral Link to Glioblastoma?
Circumstantial evidence hints that cytomegalovirus, a common herpesvirus, may play a role in the aggressive brain cancer, but big questions remain. Author: Greg Miller

[NEWS FOCUS] POLAR SCIENCE: A Death in Antarctica
The death in 2000 of a young Australian astrophysicist at the U.S. South Pole station raised many troubling questions. Eight years later, there are few answers. Author: Jeffrey Mervis

[LETTERS] Literature Citations in the Internet Era
Authors: Yves Gingras, Vincent Larivière, Éric Archambault

[LETTERS] Narrower Focus May Be More Efficient
Author: K. Brad Wray

This Week in Science
Don't Cross the Border! | Cellular Reprogramming | Glass in the Making | Pre-Crystal Clusters | Paternal Parenting | Martian Minerals | Slave to the Rhythm | Leaf-Shape Control | Forever Young? | Looking at Lipids | Unhealthy Competition | Shocking Carbon | CRISPR RNA Targets DNA | Transcription Changes Direction

Editors' Choice
ECOLOGY: Communal Convergence | BIOMEDICINE: Deadly Exposure | PHYSIOLOGY: Cockroach Strategies | CHEMISTRY: Straight-Ahead Synthesis | MICROBIOLOGY: Of Migrations and Variations | SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION: Suntanned to Death | GEOLOGY: Volcanic Vetting

Science Scope
The Road to Copenhagen Begins | Aussie Schools Welcome Cash | Mouse Genome Bonanza

Random Samples
SEX AND THE BEAKED WHALE | RED FELLAS, GREEN GALS | MAX PLANCK TURNS BLUE | THE STARLING HAS LANDED

Newsmakers
FACE OFFS | MOVERS | DEATHS | RISING STARS

[EDITORIAL] Celebrating a Year of Science
Author: Bruce Alberts

[SPECIAL/NEWS] BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR: Reprogramming Cells
By inserting genes that turn back a cell's developmental clock, researchers are gaining insights into disease and the biology of how a cell decides its fate. Author: Gretchen Vogel

[SPECIAL/NEWS] BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR: The Runners-Up
The first direct detections of exoplanets topped the list of this year's runners-up for Breakthrough of the Year. Other notable discoveries included cancer genes, new high-temperature superconductors, and a new water-splitting catalyst. Author:

[SPECIAL/NEWS] PHENOMENON OF THE YEAR: European Big Science
By most objective measures, U.S. research still leads the world, but in their ability to pool resources in the pursuit of "big science," European nations are showing increasing ambition and success. Author: Daniel Clery

[SPECIAL/NEWS] BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR: Scorecard
The Large Hadron Collider came on smoothly in just a few hours, in keeping with last year's prediction; unfortunately, our warning that a mishap would take it out of action for months also came true. Last year's other predictions were a mixed bag. Author:

[SPECIAL/NEWS] BREAKDOWN OF THE YEAR: Financial Meltdown
Luckily, scientific research did not take a direct hit from this fall's global economic crisis, but scientists are feeling the consequences like everyone else, and research budgets could get caught in the fallout next year. Author: Eliot Marshall

[SPECIAL/NEWS] BREAKTHROUGH OF THE YEAR: Areas to Watch
In 2009, Science's editors will be watching plant genomics, ocean acidification, neuroscience in court, the next international climate summit, dark-matter annihilations, "speciation genes," and the Tevatron. Author:

[NEWS] THE TRANSITION: Nobelist Gets Energy Portfolio, Raising Hopes and Expectations
Nobel laureate Steven Chu has been tapped to become the first career scientist to run the Department of Energy (DOE). He'll be carrying on his back the hopes of U.S. researchers to jump-start stagnating science budgets at DOE and retain U.S. leadership in the face of rising overseas competition. Author: Eli Kintisch

[NEWS] THE TRANSITION: Obama's Choice to Direct EPA Is Applauded
Scientists and environmental activists applauded President-elect Barack Obama's pick for head of the Environmental Protection Agency: 16-year agency veteran Lisa Jackson. Author: Lila Guterman

[NEWS] MALARIA: Signs of Drug Resistance Rattle Experts, Trigger Bold Plan
According to several worrisome studies presented here last week at the annual meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, resistance against artemisinin-based combination therapies, the gold standard in fighting malaria, seems to be developing in western Cambodia, along the Thai border. Author: Martin Enserink

[NEWS] NUCLEAR PHYSICS: DOE Picks Michigan State Lab for Rare-Isotope Accelerator
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced last week that it would build the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University instead of at its own Argonne National Laboratory. Author: Adrian Cho

[NEWS] ENDANGERED SPECIES: Rangers Assess Toll of Congo Conflict on Threatened Mountain Gorillas
In the wake of severe fighting in Virunga National Park in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, worried rangers began a painstaking census late last month of the park's highly endangered mountain gorillas, nearly a third of the world's known population. Author: Robert Koenig

[NEWS] SCIENCE POLICY: Report Faults U.S. Strategy for Nanotoxicology Research
The U.S. government lacks an effective plan for ensuring the safety of nanotechnology, a new report by the National Research Council concludes. Author: Robert F. Service

[NEWS] SCIENCE POLICY: From the Science Policy Blog
Read highlights from Science's new policy blog, ScienceInsider, which provides news and analysis on science policy around the world that doesn't appear in the magazine. Author:

[NEWS FOCUS] PLANETARY SCIENCE: Europa vs. Titan
Planetary scientists are in the final stretch of a first-time competition designed to get the most science for the buck from the next big planetary mission while avoiding the fiscal debacles of the past. Author: Richard A. Kerr

[NEWS FOCUS] ZACK BOOTH SIMPSON PROFILE: An Artist Develops a New Image--With Aid of Bacteria
After dropping out of high school, Zack Booth Simpson became a video game programmer. Now he's at a university working with cutting-edge synthetic biology labs. Author: Mitch Leslie

[NEWS FOCUS] MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY FALL MEETING: Shortfalls in Electron Production Dim Hopes for MEG Solar Cells
At the Materials Research Society Fall Meeting, several teams reported setbacks in efforts to sharply increase the electrical output of future solar cells using light-absorbing nanoparticles that can generate more than one electron for every photon of light they absorb. Author: Robert F. Service

[NEWS FOCUS] MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY FALL MEETING: Protein Chip Promises Cheaper Diagnostics
At the Materials Research Society Fall Meeting, chemists reported making inexpensive, easy-to-manufacture microfluidic chips that can detect and quantify levels of a dozen different proteins in just a single drop of blood simultaneously, potentially lowering lab costs to just pennies per test. Author: Robert F. Service

[NEWS FOCUS] MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY FALL MEETING: Graphene Recipe Yields Carbon Cornucopia
Chemists at the Materials Research Society Fall Meeting reported on a cheap, easy way to grow high-quality sheets of carbon just a single atom thick and then transfer them wherever they want, opening the door both to better ways of exploring the new physics of atomically thin materials and to potential applications. Author: Robert F. Service

[NEWS FOCUS] MARINE MAMMALS: Does 'Junk Food' Threaten Marine Predators in Northern Seas?
Some fish-eating birds and mammals have full bellies but poor diets, say biologists puzzling over declines among these high-latitude marine predators. Author: John Whitfield

[LETTERS] Making Waves with the Clean Water Act
Authors: Leska S. Fore, James R. Karr, William S. Fisher, Wayne S. Davis

[LETTERS] The State of Global Hunger
Author: Juan Sastre

[LETTERS] Bird Brains Key to the Functions of Sleep
Authors: Sharon M. H. Gobes, Johan J. Bolhuis

[LETTERS] Old Seeds Coming in from the Cold
Authors: Felix Gugerli;, Sarah Sallon, Yuval Cohen, Markus Egli, Elaine Solowey, Mordechai Kislev, Orit Simchoni

[TECHNICAL COMMENT] Comment on “Declining Wild Salmon Populations in Relation to Parasites from Farm Salmon”
Authors: Brian E. Riddell, Richard J. Beamish, Laura J. Richards, John R. Candy

[TECHNICAL RESPONSE] Response to Comment on “Declining Wild Salmon Populations in Relation to Parasites from Farm Salmon”
Authors: Martin Krkošek, Jennifer S. Ford, Alexandra Morton, Subhash Lele, Mark A. Lewis