Daily News chosen by Anchor Science

[Report] Real-Time Dynamics of Single Vortex Lines and Vortex Dipoles in a Bose-Einstein Condensate
The temporal evolution of vortices in a superfluid is revealed by imaging an ultracold atomic cloud undergoing free fall. Authors: D. V. Freilich, D. M. Bianchi, A. M. Kaufman, T. K. Langin, D. S. Hall

[Report] Plastic Accumulation in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre
The amount of plastic debris in the surface waters of the western North Atlantic Ocean has plateaued over the past 22 years. Authors: Kara Lavender Law, Skye Morét-Ferguson, Nikolai A. Maximenko, Giora Proskurowski, Emily E. Peacock, Jan Hafner, Christopher M. Reddy

[Report] Graphene Visualizes the First Water Adlayers on Mica at Ambient Conditions
Water trapped between mica and graphene layers at ambient conditions was imaged with atomic force microscopy. Authors: Ke Xu, Peigen Cao, James R. Heath

[Report] The Shifting Balance of Diversity Among Major Marine Animal Groups
Future assemblies of animals following mass extinction cannot be predicted by analyses of Phanerozoic fossils. Author: J. Alroy

[Report] The Spread of Behavior in an Online Social Network Experiment
An online experiment shows how network structure affects the spread of health behavior. Author: Damon Centola

[Report] Human-Restricted Bacterial Pathogens Block Shedding of Epithelial Cells by Stimulating Integrin Activation
Bacterial colonization of the mucosa is facilitated if the microbes engage a human receptor that counteracts epithelial exfoliation. Authors: Petra Muenzner, Verena Bachmann, Wolfgang Zimmermann, Jochen Hentschel, Christof R. Hauck

[Report] Signaling Kinase AMPK Activates Stress-Promoted Transcription via Histone H2B Phosphorylation
The energy sensor AMPK facilitates gene transcription by localizing to chromatin and phosphorylating histone H2B. Authors: David Bungard, Benjamin J. Fuerth, Ping-Yao Zeng, Brandon Faubert, Nancy L. Maas, Benoit Viollet, David Carling, Craig B. Thompson, Russell G. Jones, Shelley L. Berger

[Report] The Junctional Adhesion Molecule JAML Is a Costimulatory Receptor for Epithelial γδ T Cell Activation
A costimulatory receptor for immune cells in the skin is identified. Authors: Deborah A. Witherden, Petra Verdino, Stephanie E. Rieder, Olivia Garijo, Robyn E. Mills, Luc Teyton, Wolfgang H. Fischer, Ian A. Wilson, Wendy L. Havran

[Report] The Molecular Interaction of CAR and JAML Recruits the Central Cell Signal Transducer PI3K
Ligand engagement and initiation of signaling has been imaged for a costimulatory receptor for immune cells in the skin. Authors: Petra Verdino, Deborah A. Witherden, Wendy L. Havran, Ian A. Wilson

[Report] Glutamine Deamidation and Dysfunction of Ubiquitin/NEDD8 Induced by a Bacterial Effector Family
Pathogenic bacterial proteins interfere with eukaryotic ubiquitination pathways to induce cytopathic effects. Authors: Jixin Cui, Qing Yao, Shan Li, Xiaojun Ding, Qiuhe Lu, Haibin Mao, Liping Liu, Ning Zheng, She Chen, Feng Shao

New Products
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.

[Podcast] Science Podcast
The show includes how social network structure affects the spread of behavior, challenging the mammoth-killer impact hypothesis, your letters to Science, and more.

This Week in Science
Vaginal Gel Versus HIV | Antimalarial Drug Candidate | Icy Adsorption | Free Falling Vortices | Join the Club | From Simplicity to Complexity | Sea of Plastic | Skin Reaction | Cosmic Fullerenes | No Guide to the Future | Gee-Up, NEDD8 | Regulation of Energy Homeostasis | Here to Stay

Editors' Choice
Planetary Science: Lunar Exposure | Cell Biology: Turn On and Stay Put | Microbiology: Monsters in the Mangrove | Chemistry: Easing in Fluorine

Random Samples
Dolphin Spray Yields DNA | Outnumbered | Pulse of the City | Chock-Full of Genes

[Editorial] China's Research Culture
Authors: Yigong Shi, Yi Rao

[News of the Week] Embryonic Stem Cells: Controversial Ruling Throws U.S. Research Into a Tailspin
A U.S. judge's surprise decision last week to block government funding of human embryonic stem cell research has left scientists across the country confused, upset, and angry. Authors: Jocelyn Kaiser, Gretchen Vogel

[News of the Week] Climate Change: Panel Faults IPCC Leadership But Praises Its Conclusions
A new independent review of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change says the increased public scrutiny IPCC is facing and the growing importance of its work mean that it must do better than it's been doing. Author: Eli Kintisch

[News of the Week] Antarctica: In Ground-Based Astronomy's Final Frontier, China Aims for New Heights
At a workshop last month, astronomers unveiled plans to build two major telescopes at Dome A on the East Antarctic icecap during the Chinese government's next 5-year plan, to start in 2011. Author: Richard Stone

[News of the Week] ScienceNOW.org: From Science's Online Daily News Site
ScienceNOW reported this week on the first feast, the world's smallest refrigerator, the backfiring of "hunting for conservation," and a pea-sized frog, among other stories.

[News of the Week] Energy Innovation: Novel Grant Promises Greener Buildings, Regional Growth
Last week, a consortium led by Pennsylvania State University won a federal competition for $129 million over 5 years to spur efforts to develop technologies for making buildings more energy efficient. Author: Jeffrey Mervis

[News of the Week] Newsmaker Interview: Frank Gannon: Ireland's Departing Research Chief on Irish and European Science
Frank Gannon probably could have finished out his career comfortably as director of the national funding agency Science Foundation Ireland (SFI). But the biologist will resign his position at the end of the year and head off to Australia to become director of the Queensland Institute of Medical Research. Author: John Travis

[News of the Week] ScienceInsider: From the Science Policy Blog
ScienceInsider reported this week that the editor of the journal Cognition says he believes that fabrication is the most plausible explanation for data in a 2002 paper by Harvard University's Marc Hauser involving cotton-top tamarins, among other stories.

[News Focus] Mammoth-Killer Impact Flunks Out
After a new study failed to find nanodiamonds, impact experts are flatly rejecting outsiders' claims that an impact 12,900 years ago devastated the megafauna. Author: Richard A. Kerr

[News Focus] Profile: François Nosten: The Dour Frenchman on Malaria's Frontier
When he arrived at the dangerous Thai-Burmese border in 1984, François Nosten barely knew what research was. Today, he's one of the world's top malaria scientists. Author: Martin Enserink

[News Focus] Astrophysics: An Unsettled Debate About the Chemistry of the Sun
Researchers thought they knew the sun very well. Now, they are squabbling over the abundance of different elements in it. Author: Yudhijit Bhattacharjee

[Letter] Give Beach Ecosystems Their Day in the Sun
Authors: Jenifer E. Dugan, Omar Defeo, Eduardo Jaramillo, Alan R. Jones, Mariano Lastra, Ronel Nel, Charles H. Peterson, Felicita Scapini, Thomas Schlacher, David S. Schoeman

[Letter] Methane from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf
Authors: Vasilii V. Petrenko, David M. Etheridge, Ray F. Weiss, Edward J. Brook, Hinrich Schaefer, Jeffrey P. Severinghaus, Andrew M. Smith, Dave Lowe, Quan Hua, Katja Riedel

Recipe for water: Just add starlight
The European Space Agency's Herschel infrared space observatory has discovered that ultraviolet starlight is the key ingredient for making water in space. It is the only explanation for why a dying star is surrounded by a gigantic cloud of hot water vapor.

Precise Geodetic Infrastructure: National Requirements for a Shared Resource
Geodesy is the science of accurately measuring and understanding three fundamental properties of Earth: its geometric shape, its orientation in space, and its gravity field, and the changes of these properties with time. Over the past half century, the United States has been a world leader in the development of geodetic techniques and instrumentation. Geodetic observing systems provide a significant benefit to society in a wide array of military, research, civil, and commercial areas, including sea level change monitoring, autonomous navigation, tighter low flying routes for strategic aircraft, precision agriculture, civil surveying, earthquake monitoring, forest structural mapping and biomass estimation, and improved floodplain mapping. Recognizing the growing reliance of a wide range of scientific and societal endeavors on infrastructure for precise geodesy, and recognizing geodetic infrastructure as a shared national resource, this book provides an independent assessment of the benefits provided by geodetic observations and networks, as well as a plan for the future development and support of the infrastructure needed to meet the demand for increasingly greater precision. Precise Geodetic Infrastructure makes a series of focused recommendations for upgrading and improving specific elements of the infrastructure, for enhancing the role of the United States in international geodetic services, for evaluating the requirements for a geodetic workforce for the coming decades, and for providing national coordination and advocacy for the various agencies and organizations that contribute to the geodetic infrastructure.